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Refficiency

  • Home
  • About Us
    • Our Story
  • News
    • CamCOP: Rooted — Nature-Based Climate Solutions Summit

    • CCML Policy Forum

    • CCG workshop on Critical Minerals held in Malawi

    • Mining Indaba 2026: ESG, Risk, and Value Addition in Africa – Insights, Meetings, and Strategic Reflections

    • Assessing Risks and Opportunities of Critical Mineral Development in Malawi

  • People
  • Projects
  • Publications
    • Industrial energy efficiency and decarbonisation via electrification and hydrogen

    • Critical minerals requirements for meeting net zero pathways in the United Kingdom

    • Building stock archetype and modelling (BSAM) framework for coupled material-energy‑carbon assessment

    • Toward responsible mining: Linking ESG strategies with spatial analysis in Zambia’s copper mining industry

    • Ten years on: Are raw material criticality assessments making more sense?

  • Resources
    • Resources
    • Talks
  • Contact
  • Home
  • About Us
    • Our Story
  • News
    • CamCOP: Rooted — Nature-Based Climate Solutions Summit

    • CCML Policy Forum

    • CCG workshop on Critical Minerals held in Malawi

    • Mining Indaba 2026: ESG, Risk, and Value Addition in Africa – Insights, Meetings, and Strategic Reflections

    • Assessing Risks and Opportunities of Critical Mineral Development in Malawi

  • People
  • Projects
  • Publications
    • Industrial energy efficiency and decarbonisation via electrification and hydrogen

    • Critical minerals requirements for meeting net zero pathways in the United Kingdom

    • Building stock archetype and modelling (BSAM) framework for coupled material-energy‑carbon assessment

    • Toward responsible mining: Linking ESG strategies with spatial analysis in Zambia’s copper mining industry

    • Ten years on: Are raw material criticality assessments making more sense?

  • Resources
    • Resources
    • Talks
  • Contact

A critical review of plastics and circularity in automotive supply chains

Jonathan Cullen
October 25, 2023

Plastics are increasingly used in the automotive sector due to their mechanical properties and light weight. However, the automotive plastic supply chain is characterised by pollution, resource depletion,...

Insights from the Foundation Industry Forum

Natanael Favero Bolson
October 24, 2023

The Foundation Industry Forum, held on the 16th and 17th of October in Leeds, provided a dynamic platform for sharing insights and knowledge within the foundation industries to...

Reflections on the 11th Biennial ISIE Conference: Transitions in a World in Turmoil

Ella Jennings
October 24, 2023

In June 2023, 10 members of Refficiency joined the 800 other attendees at the International Society of Industrial Ecology’s 11th International Conference in Leiden, The Netherlands. The atmosphere...

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