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Refficiency

  • Home
  • About Us
    • Our Story
  • News
    • Exploring the Copperbelt: A Journey Through The Promise of Zambia

    • CCG Scoping Mission in Malawi

    • A round-up of Refficiency’s 2024

    • UK-China-EU Battery Workshop

    • Wrapping up the project “Material flows in industry in Vietnam”

  • People
  • Projects
  • Publications
    • A robust framework for estimating theoretical minimum energy requirements for industrial processes

    • Connected, complex, and carbonized: The country archetypes of the petrochemicals sector

    • Resource Efficiency as an environmental performance metric for industry: Exergetic analysis of a clinker manufacturing plant

    • A Spatiotemporal Environmental Sustainability Assessment Model for Deep and Large-scale Open-pit Copper Mines

    • Value addition for who? Challenges to local participation in downstream critical mineral ventures in Zambia

  • Resources
    • Resources
    • Talks
  • Contact
  • Home
  • About Us
    • Our Story
  • News
    • Exploring the Copperbelt: A Journey Through The Promise of Zambia

    • CCG Scoping Mission in Malawi

    • A round-up of Refficiency’s 2024

    • UK-China-EU Battery Workshop

    • Wrapping up the project “Material flows in industry in Vietnam”

  • People
  • Projects
  • Publications
    • A robust framework for estimating theoretical minimum energy requirements for industrial processes

    • Connected, complex, and carbonized: The country archetypes of the petrochemicals sector

    • Resource Efficiency as an environmental performance metric for industry: Exergetic analysis of a clinker manufacturing plant

    • A Spatiotemporal Environmental Sustainability Assessment Model for Deep and Large-scale Open-pit Copper Mines

    • Value addition for who? Challenges to local participation in downstream critical mineral ventures in Zambia

  • Resources
    • Resources
    • Talks
  • Contact

Jennifer Bitting

Pairing Quantity and Quality in
a Mass Balance of Water in California

Jennifer Bitting
March 1, 2023

We introduce a new seven-step method for creating a water budget that combines both quality and quantity in a mass balance of water.

Global material flow analysis of glass: From raw materials to end of life

Jennifer Bitting
June 1, 2021

Global glass production grew to 150 million tonnes (Mt) in 2014, equating to approximately 21 kg per person. Producing this glass is energy intensive and contributes annual CO2 emissions...

Creating a Water Quality Scale Methodology Using California as a Case Study

Jennifer Bitting
February 9, 2021

Water availability analysis traditionally has involved understanding how much water enters and leaves a region and how much is used or stored each year. This mass balance of...

The Benefits of Drought (Part 1)

Jennifer Bitting
October 17, 2017

Nothing stimulates creativity and innovation in the area of water resource efficiency like drought. While we usually hear about the negative impacts of drought, we don’t often see...

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