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Refficiency

  • Home
  • About Us
    • Our Story
  • News
    • CCG workshop on Critical Minerals held in Malawi

    • Mining Indaba 2026: ESG, Risk, and Value Addition in Africa – Insights, Meetings, and Strategic Reflections

    • Assessing Risks and Opportunities of Critical Mineral Development in Malawi

    • We’re hiring for an undergraduate summer internship!

    • Day 1 impressions from Mining Indaba 2026

  • People
  • Projects
  • Publications
    • Critical minerals requirements for meeting net zero pathways in the United Kingdom

    • Building stock archetype and modelling (BSAM) framework for coupled material-energy‑carbon assessment

    • Toward responsible mining: Linking ESG strategies with spatial analysis in Zambia’s copper mining industry

    • Ten years on: Are raw material criticality assessments making more sense?

    • China’s role in the UK energy transition: from mine to technology

  • Resources
    • Resources
    • Talks
  • Contact
  • Home
  • About Us
    • Our Story
  • News
    • CCG workshop on Critical Minerals held in Malawi

    • Mining Indaba 2026: ESG, Risk, and Value Addition in Africa – Insights, Meetings, and Strategic Reflections

    • Assessing Risks and Opportunities of Critical Mineral Development in Malawi

    • We’re hiring for an undergraduate summer internship!

    • Day 1 impressions from Mining Indaba 2026

  • People
  • Projects
  • Publications
    • Critical minerals requirements for meeting net zero pathways in the United Kingdom

    • Building stock archetype and modelling (BSAM) framework for coupled material-energy‑carbon assessment

    • Toward responsible mining: Linking ESG strategies with spatial analysis in Zambia’s copper mining industry

    • Ten years on: Are raw material criticality assessments making more sense?

    • China’s role in the UK energy transition: from mine to technology

  • Resources
    • Resources
    • Talks
  • Contact

Leni Cullen

Final Call for Abstracts: ISIE SEM 2026 Conference

Leni Cullen
January 7, 2026

ISIE SEM 2026 Conference Deadline Final Call for Abstracts: Deadline 31st January 2026 Click here for more information

From variance to value: Stabilizing circular exchanges in industrial symbiosis networks

Leni Cullen
January 5, 2026

Enar reflects on his recently published paper 'From variance to value Stabilizing circular exchanges in industrial symbiosis networks'.

Conference Recaps: The Symposium on Diabetes in Humanitarian Crises, and IPHU on Public Pharma

Leni Cullen
December 17, 2025

Chris recounts her experiences at two conferences this year: the IPHU on Public Pharma and The Symposium on Diabetes in Humanitarian Crises.

New Critical Mineral Showcase Videos on Youtube!

Leni Cullen
November 13, 2025

We have posted recordings of our most recent showcase on the Refficiency Youtube Channel. Click for the links!

End-of-Life Management for Wind Turbines

Leni Cullen
November 3, 2025

New paper assesses current end-of-life practises for wind turbines and discusses future improvements that should be made to manage materials circularity.

Reflections on CCG’s Critical Mineral Showcase

Leni Cullen
October 20, 2025

Session by session review of CCG's Critical Mineral Showcase.

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